marți, 16 septembrie 2014

The role of women in society- today (20th-21st centuries)

The passage of time and the modernization of society brought many changes not only regarding the role of women in society but also in everything that is in connection with lifestyle, science and so on. It started to appear everywhere the word modern: modern woman, modern times, modern society, etc. Nowadays, it is said about an emancipation of woman, an elimination of women’s discrimination and equality between women and men’s rights, but the reality is not quite like this because in some cases and countries the woman is still unappreciated. Women’s rights are part from fundamental rights of people. The situation which women have in society directly influences the process of young generation’s education. A process that is linked not only to the young generation’s formation as human personalities, but also it is linked to some aspects which refer to the important role of that women play in human development process and of the entire society. Thus, the woman is called, nowadays, the emancipate woman or the modern woman. A woman who is emancipated is not libertine but autonomous. “Merely external emancipation has made of the modern woman an artificial being. Now, woman is confronted with the necessity of emancipating herself from emancipation, if she really desires to be free.” [1] The emancipate women are those kind of women who are living according to their own projects and are economically independent. The modern woman is that kind of woman that can be, also, called ‘woman career’ for which, the job is often on the first place. This kind of woman loves the independence, she likes working alone for living and she doesn’t need too much help from a man like in the past.[2]
As we saw, the conflict between men and women had always existed, even since the beginnings of the time. Until the second half of the 20th century, in most societies, some political and legal rights were still denied for women. Even though, in much of the world, women have gained significant legal rights, many people believed that women were still no equal to men. The physical or mental characteristics have always been different to both sexes. While in the past men were the only holders of power, in modern time women and men are gaining equality, the same amount of power thanks to women’s rights movements that took place in the 18th and 19th centuries and to the first feminist publication in 1792 entitled ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Woman’ written by Mary Wollstonecraft.
“The contrast between 1848 and 1918 dramatizes the changes which had occurred not only within the women’s rights movement in the intervening years but also in the role and activities of American women.”[3] “Throughout the last 100-300 years the changes that woman have seen and been affected by have been phenomenal. Women have gained a lot of ground in politics, the work force, and even more power within their own households.”[4]

But, even treated equally, women and men, besides physical differences there are plenty of mental differences among the two sexes; from the start they are still going to have vast differences. The statute of woman as a emancipate woman started in 1960s. The evil which is tolerated by family woman who are poor, the insatisfaction of family woman and her ideal as the angel of the house were more and more discussed and thus the professional activity of women obtained the right. And, this fact, now, represents something normal, an aspiration and essential for feminine existence. After this period, took place the entrance of women in a big number in the field of work and the renewal of the feminist movement. The work for women appears like an individual exactingness and a condition for realizing something in life; it is not anymore regarded as something bad. By working, women are getting out from the monotony of family life and they come into contact with a social life. If in the previous centuries a woman’s work regarding domestic activity and childcare were enough to fill the feminine existence, today, it is the job which occupies the most part their existence and time, no matter their age. Even though the feminist movement developed starting from 1960, it is in the following century when the modern woman really starts to captivate the attention. The ‘first woman was inferior to man and despised; the ‘second’ woman was idealized, but in both cases she was submissive to her husband, she was what her husband wished to be. In the life of the ‘third’ woman everything became a choice and there is no activity that is forbidden for women and here they are with almost the same rights as men. The ‘third’ woman keep her temper, is a feminine creation. The model of the nowadays woman is totally different from those women who lived in the previous centuries. The woman succeeded, after many transformations, in obtaining another statute in society. [5]
Today, the woman is confronting with other problems, than those of the medieval mentality, such as the achievement of many roles: mother, wife, women of career. The role of woman in current society has drastically changed and during the 20th and 21st centuries women gained equal rights with men. Gilles Lipovetsky in his book entitled ‘La troisième femme’ said that women were the ‘slaves’ of procreation, but they have free themselves from that secular servitude. Women were submissive to a strict morality, were isolated, but nowadays they gained their right to be and there were opened new doors for them. [6]

“Women have come a long way over time and have carved a new path for the women to come. While the word ‘feminist’ generally brings upon negative attention, it is the feminist of the world, those who are for women’s rights, whom are creating an opportunity filled future for all females to come.”[7]

The equality between men and women did not existed before and now it is a work in progress and thus the women’s future is looking up. So, during the 20th century women started to gain equal rights with men and thus, the 20th century is the big century of women, the one which have revolutionized, more than any other century did, the identity of women and their destiny. Women’s existence is indicated by love while the love represents for men only a trade among other trades. Germaine de Staël said that women have only the love and their life story begins and ends with love. In modern society, love is regarded as being a component of women’s identity; she is a sensible human being predestined to love, as Balzac said, woman’s life is love, but, nowadays, it also happens that a woman don’t use love in every relationship; like men, they can be indifferent in a relationship and what matters is to satisfy their pleasure without involving love. Those women who don’t involve feelings with eroticism and pleasure can have many partners before marriage, but they are not well regarded by society and this is a troublesome situation that still remains for women in modern time. There is no doubt that the place of women in passive and domestic roles had contributed to the associate of love with woman’s condition. [8]
Regarding the courtship, the woman is man’s sovereign because she receive complements and she is the one who leads the game deciding if she would offer herself or not and when. Along centuries it wasn’t the rule of courtship or seduction differences between men and women that had changed but the way in which the courtship is made and the way of approach. It was considered that if a man was waiting for a woman to begin the advance, it means that he is very sure of his physic advantages; and that he is the one who ought to make the first steps. The days in which the partner tries to conquer a lady by saying romantic things and offering to the love a poetic existence had gone.     
Nowadays, the compliments that a man presents to a woman, it rather make fun of him than flatter the lady. Today it happens that a lady does the first steps, she starts to flirt with the boy she likes. Modern times brought certain beliefs as the idea that sex should represent pleasure also for women and not only for men and women expressed their freedom in different ways, doing different activities. Thus, in the 20th and 21st centuries, there are changes even regarding the way in which the courtship is made. Gilles Lipovetsky said that nowadays women did not identify anymore with some fortresses to conquer, they are not obliged anymore to delay the achievement of desire or to bring passion without satisfying it; the new independent woman refuse to live in men’s shadow and thus, it came the moment of the overturn of roles. We often hear a man saying that he doesn’t understand the women, well, the mystery of feminine recovers and the woman still remain incomprehensible, an enigma that it seems to be like a puzzle and men didn’t know how to ‘settle’ it and they also didn’t have the patience to try to understand it.[9] “The great question that has never been answered, and which I have not yet been able to answer, despite my thirty years of research into the feminine soul, is ‘What does a woman want?”[10] Gilles Lipovetsky said that what is personal it is also political and this represents, without any doubt, one of the creeds of feminism in the second half of the 20th century and he also said that the feminism insert the political war in the private domain and the sexual war in the public space. [11]
In 1960s sexuality was regarded as being a relation of power between sexes, a political mechanism, so, sexuality is not anymore a private domain and women brought the debate of feminine body fighting for the recognition of new rights concerning the body and they denounced the patriarchal nature of laws breaking into pieces the silence wall that protected the abortion, rape and domestic violence. Thus, in modern society appeared the obsession of victimizing; this phenomenon represents the new feminist sensibility that condemn the ordeal and violence endured by women. Even nowadays, women are still confronting with different forms of violence, the problem of the rape and being the victim of domestic abuse is not something new, these existed since always. With this phenomenon of victimizing it is formed the victim culture that is based on the stereotype that any man is a potential ravisher and any woman is a oppressed being; men are lewd, cynic, violent and women are innocent, kind-hearted and are no aggressive; all the evil is in men and thus is created the victimizing of feminine and Satanism of men; women offer their proper image like an image of some human beings incapable to defend themselves aspire to protection. In ‘La troisième femme’ Gilles Lipovetsky said that in 1960s – 1970s the feminist movement tried to emancipate the sexuality from moral standards, to diminish the social mark upon the private life and nowadays the feminism claim much more control upon private life: laws against sexual abuse, the behavior and language code. “The victim selfportrait is less supported by a will of powerlessness, than the will of reaffirm and self regeneration.”[12] The dominant idea was that if women didn’t challenge men and if they refuse, nothing could happen to them, but nowadays women don’t think that they are guilty and they give evidence and the scandal appears on television and in press and thus this is how the wall of silence fall down. This situation of victimizing obsession brings to the abolish of differences and major conflicts between the two sexes; the victimizing feminism encouraged women to speak about all injustices, to refuse men’s fatality and the culture also starts to ask for intervention and settlement of these injustices. Women’s conquest that took place in the economical, social and juridical domain represents important, major stages to independence. [13]
Even though women emancipation is not finished, because the discrimination still exist and there are societies in which women are still treated like slaves, are still submissive and they are even obliged to accept the marriage of their husbands with other women, in the majority of modern societies the changes took place in a short period of time, but it was efficient. Modern women are rejecting the idea of renunciation to themselves and they try to become financially independent, to have a career and to be mixed up in politics. In this modern society, every woman has her own job or duty; so, during the 20th century there were opened for women more occupations and in 1970 the law was changed and took in consideration the fact that women were doing the same jobs as men, work of equal values and they should be paid the same wages as men. Nowadays, women, themselves alone, do what in the previous centuries did together with their husbands or being supervised by them. A modern woman is totally different from the women of previous centuries, she tries to improve her condition in society, is preoccupied of her physical aspect and she tries to bring a normal life without being forced by someone or something; now, she has the right to say her opinions without being afraid, she can chose if she gets in a relationship or not and with who and they can even decide when to have a child. The woman of today is independent, she wishes to have a job and a lifestyle which permit her to manage alone and to be able to take care of her family in case that her husband leaves her or he doesn’t offer her all his support.[14] A woman is often called the ‘beautiful sex’; everything proves the fact that the beauty didn’t have the same connotations and values for masculine and feminine; images, behaviors, expectations, advertising, magazines’ covers, songs, fashion, models, men’s look upon them and so on; all these remember about the role that women’s beauty has and their identification with the ‘beautiful sex’. Along centuries, poets, sculptors, painters used the beautiful sex as a muse and nowadays, fashion pictures, cosmetic products, advices, and beauty competition work to the rebuild of feminine beauty because a woman the beautiful is the brilliant is her feminity. Nowadays we often hear one saying that what is beautiful it is also pleasant to God. The beauty is considered to be the biggest present that God gave to human beings and indeed, a beautiful woman is something pleasant for the beings’ eyes. Thanks to scientific progress, the beauty products became in our society a luxury at everyone hand and every woman tries to do her best in order to draw the attention. To have children and bring them up is not anymore the purpose of feminine existence nowadays and the feminine identity is not build up anymore around maternal function because many women refuse to identify their body with maternity, they don’t want to destroy their perfect bodies, they want to be supple.
Gilles Lipovetsky said that as men have the moral obligation to work in order to keep their family, women have to offer the image of beauty and to do everything in order to keep the brilliant of the youth. Without any doubt, in the same time, there are many women that are not satisfied by the way that their body is looking, but they are judging only their body and not also their face. Generally, they see themselves either too fat or thin, either their flaws, but they never see themselves ugly. So, in our societies the new forms of the body bring to narcissism and to the desire of possessing the eternal beauty, even ‘forcing the age’. All these facts are rendering the fact that beauty is very important nowadays, even though the beauty passes with time, many people are looking for external beauty and not the internal beauty and every woman dreams to be the most beautiful and that’s way she practice many methods (cosmetics products, bodybuilding and many other methods that help her to be contented by herself, by the way she is looking). Blanche de Géry said that a woman who doesn’t take care of herself doesn’t deserve to live among people and that it is allowed not to be pretty, but it is not allowed to be very ugly.[15]
Regarding beauty and seduction, nowadays, the men are those who are somehow inferior to women because these sexes don’t have the same opportunities or ‘weapons’ to gain the game of seduction. “A lot of people work out to be skinny. That’s so boring, and it seems like a depressing goal for a modern woman.” [16] From the most ancient times, for conquer women, men should be rich, intelligent, to have a social status, prestige, power, humour. This is not the same case for a woman who, to conquer it is enough to use her beauty, her appearance; but, to a man, the power, notoriety or money can replace a physic less attractive. It is clear that the fortune can’t replace the lack of physical attraction and the prestige doesn’t make a woman more seducing or attractive as in men’s case. In this point of view, the inequality in seduction is definitely established: women are gaining ground in this point of view. This situation is proved by the fact that nowadays we can see that there are many old men who form a couple with young women, and not reverse and men desire and appreciate the beauty of their partners because they are seduced by the physic. We can forget those stereotypes that first comes love and then marriage, in this century for some people love is on the last plan, what matter for these people is money. This fact proves that nowadays there are many material women who don’t care how the man is looking but how much money he has in the pockets.
Regarding Christianity, the woman of today is not well regarded. The term ‘woman of career’ describes the woman that abandoned her feminity for pseudo-manhood. This kind of woman betrayed everything what is noble and beautiful in woman’s heart, it is like the woman denied herself. All the feminine beauty was replaced with the artificial beauty called the make-up. The trousers are a recent invention of the Industrial Revolution which the modern women had adopted. Christian beliefs say that the modern woman represent everything what is bad in modern people and that she punished herself by working outside home.[17]
In these centuries, the traditional roles of women are still quite evident, the housework is still done by women, but now it is much easier thanks to the fact that in 1920s appeared the vacuum cleaner and washing machine but it became really common in 1960s, till then, only rich people could afford to buy them. The household activities and childcare, in all societies these tasks are incumbent on women. If in the past a family woman was considered the angel of the house, nowadays the modern family woman represents a moral, a normative vision of woman, a lay religion of mother and family. The new culture idealizes women as wife, mother and family woman. The modern woman doesn’t have to occupy herself anymore, as she did in the past, only with domestic work; because, now, women have the right to all domain of activity, have the civil right and there are a lot of activities outside home. A modern woman divides her time between job and family woman who have to do the domestic work and take care of children and also to carry out the role of wife. The fact that women are working eight hours a day or even more, it doesn’t mean that the disposal of the tasks that she has to do in the house. There is no big difference between a family woman and a woman who works because it doesn’t mean that she doesn’t have to do the work in the house only because she has a job, but once with the increase of feminine work it is observed a bigger implication of men in domestic tasks.[18] We are living in a century of speed in which we often complain about the time that passes very fast and we are working many hours a day, we eat at a run and the street is a place full of noise and factors of pollution. After finishing the work we go home, sick and tired of this chaos, but we can’t relax, we have to make the work in the house. But, the modern woman is luckier than the woman of previous centuries because she is often helped by her husband, they can divide their tasks and thanks to the fact that we are living in a world of technology there are many ‘factors’ that come to help us. If in the past, women after giving birth went to work, nowadays, a woman can stay home to take care of the children for a period of time, but there are situation in which the mother goes to work and the father stays home and take care of children and he even does the work in house. Another situation which proves that a modern woman is independent is the fact that we can see, nowadays, men who are kept by their wives, but, they are not well regarded by the society because still exist the idea of the previous centuries which tells that the man is the one who have to keep her family and to take care of it. Thus, the man is still the one who must protect the family and to keep it, but he is also helped by his wife by bringing money in house; they divide their duties doing them together. In terms of education fathers allocate less time in children education than mothers, thus, children communicate more with mothers but they also need to communicate with their father, specially the boys. Fathers interfere less in the behavior of their children than mothers and when they do that, the intervention is normative because they allow or forbid an activity, they explain different things and make comments. Thus, the mother is regarded as an expression of the natural capacity of the woman to love and to do sacrifices. “The family unit plays a critical role in our society and in the training of the generation to come.”[19] 
If  in the previous centuries the divorce was rarely and difficult to obtain, nowadays the divorce became very common and many marriages end up in divorce because it have become unstable. It is not a taboo anymore, if something goes wrong in their life as a married couple they choose the way of divorce, they are not forced to stay together anymore if they don’t understand each other anymore. Women can support themselves financially through work and they can support even their children if they get the custody after the divorce. Also, it is not necessary anymore that people get married, nowadays is permitted and we can see that many couples stay together without being married and they even have children; this is what we call concubinage. There are many people who prefer to live in concubinage because they consider that some papers don’t change anything and it is easier in case of separation because they don’t have to divorce, they simply say goodbye one to another. Regarding domestic violence, since 1970s , the right of women to be free from Domestic Violence increased the support, but unfortunately it still exist and it occurs across the world and in many cultures, societies and it still affects people and maybe the rate of violence is bigger than in the past, but at least this is punished by the law. Some men still beat their wives and even worst, they murder them; we see children, unborn children and recently born that are ill-treated or murdered; and many other violence and abuses that frighten society. The law punishes all these but even so, these don’t stop. We live in a modern world, in a world of technology and in a material world where everything can be possible.
Nowadays, it is said about an impossible equality between family and the workforce, the job. The activity of women in the workforce is from now on socially recognized and is part from the feminine identity. The masculine’s professional pole is separated from the domestic one, while the feminine poles are joined. Regarding these two poles, the professional pole, for men, is more important than the domestic pole; for women the professional pole usually elaborates itself integrating the compulsions that derive from maternity. The domestic pole rather represents a priority for women than for men and the professional pole a priority for men than for women. Nowadays, every woman desires to have a professional career before founding a family; at the beginning, the career is very important for her but after founding the family, the career passes on the second plan and place and the family is the most important, but even so, the time that is dedicated to the family is limited because the women’s presence in the workforce is a necessity and not just a financially necessity but also a structural one. Thus, the modern woman or the third woman has many roles and pressures. There are roles that we choose and others which come themselves; some of them we desire and we fight for them and give our best and some that we have to assume because they come themselves. When we put the roles all together we realize that there is a big number of tasks that a woman has to do: to be wife and mother, to do the housework, to manage the income, to do her tasks in the workforce, at her job and in some cases, to take care of  old parents. So, the modern woman also took other assignments, the assignment of having a career and a job to support financially her family. Thus, woman’s role exists, now, on two plans: in family and also in career. The modern woman became a woman of career in modern society, but she divide her time between the woman of career and the family woman.[20]
In ‘La troisième femme’ Gilles Lipovetsky said that the model of family woman, in order to be part of modern times, is not lacking the model of the principles which are characteristic for traditional societies. On the one hand, the family woman perpetuates a tradition of many centuries and on the other hand, she represents a modern device through the social norms with the root in nature’s exactingness. In the way that she is seen in 19th and 20th centuries, the family woman is totally associated to work, administration and effectiveness principles that are characteristic for modern century. This fact is represented by the tasks that woman has: she has to manage the house, to be a good housewife, to make the household, to take care of her family. The model of family woman presents modern priorities and orientations and even though if some women are not working, it is considered that the woman-wife is doing a ‘utilitarian mission’ in house-keeping. It is considered that the woman’s desire to be the mistress of the house brought to the isolation of women in the house, but this isolation didn’t prevent the liberation of women and they started to be appreciated for their work in house and the mother was considered the first schoolmistress of the child and her statute as a mother was regarded as something lay. Woman’s role in a family, generally, is to maintain the constant welfare, understanding and balance because it is said that the happiness of the home it depends very much on wife’s role.[21] A woman who is fond of his family, she will do everything for it knowing that she will be appreciated and fulfilled. Today, it is not only the mother the one who is responsible with the education and the growth of children; both parents have those responsabilities but it is true that the most cares are on mother’s shoulder. A family woman is better regarded than a woman with a career. Many people consider that she can’t be a good mother, she doesn’t love her family or she doesn’t know what a family really means. She shouldn’t be judged in that way, if a woman has a career it doesn’t necessary means that she’s not a good mother or she doesn’t love her family, but contrary, she cares about her family and she works for keeping it and to give a financially hand to her husband, they both work for the good of the family. Woman’s role in society in not the same in family, these are two different poles that didn’t be confused. If a woman enjoys a great success in her career it doesn’t mean that she is not a good mother or wife. There are still, nowadays, some men who are still believing that women shouldn’t be present in some domains, but women demonstrated that they can touch the highest top. The modern woman constantly tries to improve her position in society and there are not few women who demonstrated that they can be great mothers and devoted wives in the same time that they have a career. This fact also proves that women are strong, they changed the history, they didn’t give up and, for sure, they wouldn’t.
If in the traditional societies the woman didn’t have a personal statute, in modern societies the woman has a personal statute and in family, the wife has the same power of decision in problems regarding family. Too many responsabilities may bring to the failure because when we offer more time to a certain task we usually neglect the others. It is difficult, but the modern woman doesn’t give up and she hardly tries to give her best in each responsibility. In some cases, there are men that are helping their wives in domestic activities, but even so, the most of the work in house is done by the woman. This participation in doing domestic work, it rather represents an auxiliary or helping title than a permanent responsibility. For example, to foresee children’s activities, to plan the time, to do the shopping list and many other activities that are always based upon women. There are women who complain about the double work of a day, desiring a batter division of the tasks and they regret that they can’t allocate more time for their children. Even if there are a lot of women who engage more and more in professional life and even if men are assuming domestic duties, the feminine supremacy in family remains the most probable appearance of the future.
Throughout time, women’s role in the workforce has significantly changed. Historically, society believed that woman’s place was in the house, taking care of her children and husband and hadn’t any role in the workforce. After World War II, women became more involved in the workforce but, throughout history, working women were not well regarded, they were viewed as immoral, unfeminine and many critics considered them as being negligent mothers.[22] Nowadays woman is not anymore the one who was staying home and waiting for her husband to get back from work. Now, the woman sees the world with other eyes, she knows that she is capable to do big things which offer her the independence that we all need. The modern woman knows which is her place in society and she didn’t lose her feminity despite different controversies. “Woman is losing her way, woman is lost.”[23] Some critics put the question if there still exist women and all these because the fact that woman became independent and gained a place in society.

“One wonders if women still exist, if they will always exist, whether or not it is desirable that they should, what place they occupy in this world, what their place should be. What has become of women?” [24]

 It doesn’t mean that woman is not a woman anymore just because she doesn’t stay anymore only at home, at pan, doing the housework and taking care for children. The woman is not losing her way and is not lost, she gain all these and demonstrates that she is capable to do any other things and not just to stay at home, being like a slave. But, even if women gained power, a real woman, definitely, knows which is her role in society and which is the role of man in society. A modern woman is always neat and in fashion. Nowadays, every man is feeling attracted by this kind of woman, and not by a woman who doesn’t take care of herself. A modern woman is the one who knows to appreciate and respect herself.
Among the structural factors that contributed to the decay of the stereotype of family woman is the importance of school. The powerful progress of the appearance of women’s diploma, both in secondary studies and superior studies, characterized the 20th century. This fact favours the feminine activity and the development of the training level played an important role regarding women’s professional activity. In the past, there were many girls who gave up university studies in order to get married. Nowadays, in comparison with that model, can be seen a major change; girls want to obtain a diploma in order to get a good job, a permanent one. And the majority of women didn’t want to form a family until they are professional stable, have a career. Feminine work represented the sign of a poor condition and along centuries it has been transformed into an opening to the social life, the right of having the control over your own person. Until nowadays, the feminine existence was guided by the stereotypes that were traced in the past. That epoch finished under our own eyes and there were major visible changes and everything in feminine life became a choice and there is no activity that is forbidden for women. The modern woman keep her temper and is hundred per cent a feminine creation and her place in the workforce and in family presents what we call the third woman. When was born the epoch of the third woman it also appeared the equality, participative couple and each for oneself.  
The problem of the feminine power is often discussed and there are some primitive myths that remind states which were marked by the women’s supremacy and there are many legends which present women like monsters, the diabolic power of the witches. The feminine domination (mastery of the dark, mothers’ influence upon children, etc) was recognized even in the workforce of politics. The actions in the favour of equality between sexes are increasing and in politics appears the idea that women would regenerate the politics and that they would exercise new authorities as part of enterprises. The epoch in which women had subordination roles ended and nowadays is something normal that men vote in favour of women to be part of the political life and they are accustomed to be the subordinates of women in the professional activity. After the victimized feminism came the moment of a feminism which is powerful. [25]

“… a feminism that also teaches women how to see and use their enormous power so as never to be helpless victims again. Virtually every women’s political organization, and most grass-roots groups, seek power feminist goals.”[26]

The fact that the world of business is a world prevalent masculine discourage many women who want to join this sphere. But, in the last few years, the workforce left behind the prejudices and stereotypes and thus, there are many companies that are opened to the feminine presence in the workforce of business.
Thus, nowadays, the difference between social classes had disappeared. Every woman has the opportunity to follow an elementary school and many of them can continue their studies having big aspirations. With the burden of housework lighten by the development of modern technology, the woman of today has the chance to study, to have a job and it’s true that many women are exempt from children education because they can let it to be done by nursery, kinder-garten and schools. If in the previous centuries, the big number of children burden women’s work, now, there are many methods that lighten the family burden. There are also some negative aspects of the so called ‘modern education’ of women, today, because it is said that family life is often regarded with indifference and it is destroyed in favour of other things. There are many controversies regarding the equality between women and men, the authority that women have in many areas and so on. Some people say and believe that this equality is true and others don’t believe in it, it is said that slavery was disguised under the name of equality. This equality decreed in such way in which it is difficult to say which is the right meaning. 



[3] William H. Chafe, The Paradox of Change: American Women in the 20th Century, Oxford University Press, 1992  (page 4)
[4] Women In Today’s Society, http://leanneevalee.hubpages.com/hub/Women-In-Todays-Society, 02.01.2014
[5] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 184-187)

[6] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (page 7)
[7] Women In Today’s Society, http://leanneevalee.hubpages.com/hub/Women-In-Todays-Society, 03.01.2014
[8] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 11-24)
[9] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 37-46)
[10] Ernest Jones’ Sigmund Freud: Life and Work, http://www.notable-quotes.com/w/women_quotes.html, 03.01.2014
[11] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 51-52)

[12] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (page 59)
[13] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 46-60)
[14] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 187-192)
[15] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (page 67-125)
[18] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 192-198)
[19] Sandra Day O’Connor, http://www.feminist.com/resources/quotes/, 03.01.2014
[20] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 198-203)
[21] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 227-230)
[22] Career Aspirations of Women in the 20th Century, [Pdf] http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ901302.pdf, 05.01.2014
[23] Simone de Beauvoir, The Second sex, Vintage, Reissue edition, 1949 (page 1)
[24] Simone de Beauvoir, The Second sex, Vintage, Reissue edition, 1949 (pages 1-2)
[25] Gilles Lipovetsky, A treia femeie (traducere de Radu Sergiu Ruba si Manuela Vrabie), Univers, Bucuresti, 2000 (pages 204-224)
[26] Naomi Wolf, Fire with Fire, Random House Value Publishing, 1996 (page 142)

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