SYNONYMY
The problem of synonymy is of utmost importance for the study of a language, either theoretical or practical, but a universally accredited theory of synonymy is still lacking. Superficially, the notion of synonymy is a straightforward one: two words are synonyms if they have the same meanings. Consider the following examples:
1. a. Mr. Smith is our postman. 1. b. Mr. Smith is our mailman. 2. a. Ann is skinny. 2. b. Ann is thin. 2. c. Ann is slender.
ANTONYMS are words whose meanings are in a relation of opposition, e.g. dull ¹ clever; slow moving ¹ quick moving; unfeeling ¹ sensitive, depressed ¹ in high spirits
· Sometimes the antonyms of two words may be restricted by the power to combine with different words: e.g. tall and low are antonyms only when used in combination with words denoting inanimate things: a tall building ¹ a low building; the antonym of tall in a tall man is the adjective short (a short man);
- other example: an old building ¹ a new building, an old man ¹ a young man
HOMONYMS - are words alike but having different meanings. Homonyms may be:
a) words pronounced and spelt alike
b) words pronounced alike but spelt differently
c) words spelt alike but pronounced differently
PARONYMS are very frequent in English and they are easily misunderstood. They are words that have either a close form or a close sound shape. Their meanings are not related. Sometimes more than two words are grouped in a paronymical series.
e.g. draft – draught think – sink effect – affect sheep- ship
low – law device-devise peace – piece
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